Intellectual Disability
Overview
Intellectual disability, also known as intellectual developmental disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It is a condition that originates in childhood and has a lasting impact on an individual's cognitive abilities and everyday functioning.
Key Features
Key features of intellectual disability include:
Intellectual Functioning: Individuals with intellectual disability have below-average intellectual functioning, typically measured by an intelligence quotient (IQ) score below a certain threshold, usually around 70 or below.
Adaptive Behavior: Adaptive behavior refers to a person's ability to carry out everyday tasks necessary for daily living. This includes skills related to communication, self-care, social interactions, safety, and problem-solving. Individuals with intellectual disability often exhibit limitations in adaptive behavior relative to their peers.
Onset in Childhood: Intellectual disability is typically identified during childhood or adolescence, as it affects an individual's developmental milestones and academic performance.
Severity Levels: Intellectual disability can range from mild to severe, depending on the degree of intellectual impairment and the level of adaptive behavior deficits.
Diagnosis and Assessment: A comprehensive assessment is conducted to diagnose intellectual disability. This assessment includes standardised intelligence testing, clinical interviews, and evaluations of adaptive functioning.
Impact on Learning and Daily Life: Intellectual disability can significantly impact a person's ability to learn, communicate, and live independently. It may require additional educational and support services to help individuals reach their full potential.
How We Can Help
It is important to note that intellectual disability is not a mental illness but rather a neurodevelopmental condition. People with intellectual disabilities can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support, accommodations, and understanding from their families, educators, and communities.
The diagnosis of intellectual disability is based on careful evaluation by professionals, such as psychologists, developmental pediatricians, and other qualified healthcare providers. Early intervention and appropriate educational and therapeutic services can greatly improve the quality of life for individuals with intellectual disability and support their overall development and well-being.
By taking actions, psychologists can work together to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for individuals with intellectual disabilities, allowing them to reach their full potential and live meaningful and fulfilling lives.