ADHD
Overview
ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults, though symptoms often become noticeable and diagnosed in childhood. ADHD is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with daily functioning and development.
Key Features
Key features of ADHD include:
Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention, easily distracted, making careless mistakes, difficulty organising tasks, and often losing things necessary for tasks.
Hyperactivity: Excessive motor activity, such as fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty remaining seated when expected, or running/climbing excessively in inappropriate situations (more common in children).
Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, interrupting others, difficulty waiting turns, and blurting out answers before questions have been completed.
Types of ADHD:
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Characterised primarily by difficulties with attention and organisation, without significant hyperactive or impulsive behaviours.
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: Characterised primarily by hyperactivity and impulsivity, with fewer symptoms of inattention.
Combined Presentation: Features of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are present.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals, typically including a clinical assessment, observation of behaviour, and gathering information from caregivers, teachers, and others. Treatment often includes behavioural therapies, educational interventions, and sometimes medications to manage symptoms and improve functioning. ADHD is a complex condition, and treatment plans are tailored to individual needs and circumstances to support optimal management and quality of life.
How We Can Help
Behavioural Therapy:
Behavioural Modification: Psychologists employ techniques such as behavioural modification to help individuals with ADHD learn specific behaviours and skills. This includes techniques like reinforcement strategies (rewarding desired behaviors) and shaping (gradually guiding behaviors toward a target).
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT):
Skill Building: CBT helps individuals develop coping strategies and organisational skills to manage symptoms of ADHD, such as improving time management, planning, and problem-solving abilities.
Addressing Negative Thought Patterns: CBT can also help individuals address negative thought patterns or self-defeating beliefs that may exacerbate ADHD symptoms, promoting more adaptive thinking and behaviour.
Parent Training and Education:
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT): Psychologists work with parents to develop effective parenting strategies that support the child's behaviour management at home and in other settings.
Education: Providing parents with education about ADHD, its symptoms, and effective strategies for supporting their child can empower them to better advocate for their child's needs and implement effective interventions.
School-Based Interventions:
Collaboration with Educators: Psychologists collaborate with educators to develop Individualised Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 Plans that provide accommodations and supports in the school setting, such as extended time on tests, preferential seating, or breaks as needed.
Social Skills Training:
Group Therapy: Psychologists may conduct group therapy sessions focused on teaching social skills, such as turn-taking, listening, and conflict resolution, which can be challenging for individuals with ADHD.
Medication Management:
Collaboration with Psychiatrists: While psychologists do not prescribe medication, they may collaborate with psychiatrists or medical doctors to monitor the effectiveness of medication and provide behavioural interventions that complement pharmacological treatment.
Executive Functioning Coaching:
Skills Development: Psychologists can help individuals with ADHD to work on their executive functioning skills, such as organisation, planning, prioritisation, and impulse control, through coaching and practical strategies.
Emotional Support and Coping Skills:
Psychoeducation: Providing information and psychoeducation about ADHD can help individuals and families understand the condition better and reduce stigma.
Coping Strategies: Psychologists teach coping strategies to manage emotions and stress associated with ADHD symptoms, promoting resilience and self-confidence.
Seeking help for ADHD is essential in understanding and managing all the challenges that are faced on a daily basis. Receiving an accurate diagnosis and exploring tailored treatments like therapy and medication empowers individuals to advocate for themselves in work, social settings, and academic feats. Take charge in the way you perceive your life and gain the relevant skills to tackle challenges and foster wellbeing.